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Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills.
While the disease is uncommon in temperate climates, malaria is still common in tropical and subtropical countries. Each year nearly 290 million people are infected with malaria, and more than 400,000 people die of the disease.
To reduce malaria infections, world health programs distribute preventive drugs and insecticide-treated bed nets to protect people from mosquito bites. The World Health Organization has recommended a malaria vaccine for use in children who live in countries with high numbers of malaria cases.
Protective clothing, bed nets and insecticides can protect you while traveling. You also can take preventive medicine before, during and after a trip to a high-risk area. Many malaria parasites have developed resistance to common drugs used to treat the disease.
A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquitoes.
Plasmodium species parasites are responsible for causing the disease.
Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the most common types.
Malaria develops in two phases.
Exoerythrocytic phase (affects liver) and erythrocytic phase (Red Blood cells).
Sporozoites enter from mosquito saliva to the bloodstream.
They enter liver and multiply to form merozoites.
Parasites multiply in red blood cells as well.
When the parasites reside inside the red blood cells, the immune system is inefficient at attacking them.
The parasites divide in many red blood cells in synchrony and these burst every few days causing typical periodic fevers.
Common symptoms include:
High fever
Shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe
Profuse sweating
Headache
Abdominal pain
Muscle pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Anemia
Deep breathing and respiratory distress
Clinical jaundice and evidence of vital organ dysfunction
Impaired consciousness
Bloody stools
Convulsions
Coma
It is caused by a microscopic parasite which is transmitted by mosquitoes when they bite
Rarely the parasite can be transmitted by:
Organ transplant
Blood transfusion
Diagnosis is made based on the physical examination, symptoms, and blood test.
Complete blood count, test for malaria and presence of antibodies is examined.
DNA tests to detect the presence of parasite in blood.
Treatment may vary depending on the age, health condition, etc.
Low blood sugar:
Swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur, in some cases of malaria.
Cerebral malaria may cause coma.
Accumulated fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema) can make it difficult to breathe.
Malaria can cause your kidneys or liver to fail, or spleen to rupture.
Any of these conditions can be life-threatening.
Malaria damages red blood cells, which can result in anemia.
Very low blood sugar can result in coma or death.
It is caused due to side effect of malarial medication
Only way to prevent infection is to prevent mosquito bites:
Use insecticides:
Applying insecticide can kill adult mosquitoes
Sleeping nets:
Sleep under nets, to prevent mosquito bites.
Sleeping nets treated with insecticides are recommended in areas where malaria and mosquitoes are endemic with particular importance for pregnant women and young children who are particularly vulnerable.
Cover your body:
Try to minimize body exposure by wearing long pants and long sleeved shirts
Mosquitoes are more active from dusk to dawn care should be taken during these times.
Apply creams or sprays:
Mosquito repellent creams or sprays are available
These can keep the mosquitoes away
What are the complications associated with it?
How long does it take for recovery?
What are the treatment options?
Are there any side effects from the medication?
Do I need to follow any restrictions?
Malaria can cause extreme dehydration and so fluid intake is important. There are no foods with proven anti-malarial benefits.
Foods to avoid:
Excess intake of tea, coffee and other caffeinated beverages as these can worsen dehydration.
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